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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and are...
ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...
Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they...
Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would not...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy
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Single Liposome Measurements for the Study of Proton-Pumping Membrane Enzymes Using Electrochemistry and Fluorescent Microscopy

Published on: February 21, 2019

Plant proton pumps.

Roberto A Gaxiola1, Michael G Palmgren, Karin Schumacher

  • 1University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Road, U-163, Storrs, CT 06269-4163, USA. roberto.gaxiola@uconn.edu

FEBS Letters
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Plant cells use proton gradients to transport compounds and regulate internal processes. This review covers key proton pumps essential for plant adaptation and metabolic control.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Cell Physiology
  • Membrane Transport
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chemiosmotic circuits in plant cells rely on proton (H+) gradients.
  • These gradients drive secondary active transport across plasma and endosomal membranes.
  • Endosomal acidification is crucial for endocytic and secretory pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulation, localization, and physiological roles of key H+- pumps in plant cells.
  • To highlight the importance of tightly regulated H+- pumps for plant adaptation.
  • To discuss the interplay between different H+- pumps.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • Focuses on published data regarding H+- pump mechanisms.

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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

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In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Published on: February 17, 2014

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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane
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In vitro Investigation of the MexAB Efflux Pump From Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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  • Integrates findings on plasma membrane H+-ATPase, vacuolar H+-ATPase, and vacuolar H+-PPase.

    • Main Results:

    • Proton gradients generated by H+- pumps are vital for plant cell function.
    • Regulation of H+- pump expression and activity is critical for environmental response.
    • Specific pumps like PM H+-ATPase, V-ATPase, and V-H+-PPase play distinct physiological roles.

    Conclusions:

    • Tight regulation of H+- pumps is essential for maintaining plant homeostasis.
    • Understanding these pumps aids in comprehending plant adaptation mechanisms.
    • Further research into the interplay of these pumps can reveal novel regulatory insights.