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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

Illusory depth induced by binocular torsional misalignment.

Hiroyuki Mitsudo¹

¹NTT Communication Science Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. hmitsudo@brl.ntt.co.jp

Vision Research

|April 7, 2007

Summary

A novel depth illusion makes flat patterns appear 3D with elevated gaze. This stereoscopic effect is linked to fixational cyclodisparity, a binocular misalignment caused by gaze elevation.

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Assessing Binocular Central Visual Field and Binocular Eye Movements in a Dichoptic Viewing Condition

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Published on: July 21, 2020

Area of Science:

Vision science
Perceptual psychology
Ophthalmology

Background:

Binocular vision typically relies on retinal disparity for depth perception.
Gaze elevation can induce changes in eye alignment and vergence states.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate a new depth illusion.
To explore the relationship between gaze elevation, fixational cyclodisparity, and perceived depth.

Main Methods:

Three psychophysical experiments were conducted.
Participants viewed static flat patterns with varying line types (solid/dashed) at different gaze elevations.
Perceived relative depth and fixational cyclodisparity were measured.

Main Results:

A novel depth illusion was observed, where flat patterns appeared stereoscopically stratified.
Illusory depth was significant at large gaze elevations (upward/downward) for patterns with solid lines.
The magnitude of illusory depth correlated positively with fixational cyclodisparity.

Conclusions:

Gaze elevation can induce a stereoscopic depth illusion from flat patterns.
The illusion is likely caused by binocular torsional misalignment (fixational cyclodisparity) during elevated gaze.
This finding offers new insights into the mechanisms of stereoscopic depth perception.