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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks
07:58

Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks

Published on: March 17, 2023

All-trans-retinoic acid nanodisks.

Katherine A Redmond1, Thanh-Son Nguyen, Robert O Ryan

  • 1Center for Prevention of Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Nanodisks effectively deliver all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) by encapsulating it within nanoscale particles. This formulation enhances ATRA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Nanodisks (NDs) are nanoscale phospholipid bilayers stabilized by apolipoproteins.
  • All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a biologically active molecule with therapeutic potential.
  • Solubilization and effective delivery of ATRA remain challenges in its application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize nanodisks (NDs) formulated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA).
  • To evaluate the stability and efficacy of ATRA-loaded NDs (ATRA-ND) in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Self-assembly of ND particles with ATRA at a 5.5:1 phospholipid:ATRA molar ratio.
  • Native gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to assess particle size and homogeneity.
  • Sepharose 6B gel filtration to confirm stable integration of ATRA.
  • Spectroscopic analysis to verify ATRA presence.
  • In vitro cell culture assays using HepG2 cells to evaluate growth inhibition.

Main Results:

  • ATRA-ND particles were successfully generated and exhibited a homogeneous size (approx. 20 nm Stokes' diameter).
  • ATRA, phospholipid, and apolipoprotein co-eluted, indicating stable ATRA integration into the ND structure.
  • Spectroscopic analysis confirmed the presence of ATRA within the nanodisks.
  • ATRA-ND demonstrated more effective time-dependent inhibition of HepG2 cell growth compared to free ATRA.

Conclusions:

  • Nanodisks provide a stable and effective vehicle for the solubilization of all-trans-retinoic acid.
  • ATRA-loaded nanodisks show enhanced efficacy in inhibiting cancer cell growth in vitro.
  • This nanodisk formulation holds promise for future in vivo delivery of ATRA.