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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Test Cross

Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...

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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for the Identification of Arabidopsis Protein-DNA Interactions In Vivo
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A cryptic modifier causing transient self-incompatibility in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Pei Liu1, Susan Sherman-Broyles, Mikhail E Nasrallah

  • 1Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pseudo-self-compatibility, a reproductive strategy in plants, is now understood to be regulated by a specific gene. This discovery sheds light on the molecular basis of this mixed mating system in nature.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism preventing self-fertilization in flowering plants.
  • Breakdown of SI in older flowers (pseudo-self-compatibility) is a reproductive assurance strategy, but its molecular basis is unknown.
  • Arabidopsis thaliana shows natural variation for pseudo-self-compatibility, revealed by transgenic expression of related genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the molecular mechanism underlying pseudo-self-compatibility in plants.
  • To investigate the genetic basis of cryptic natural variation for pseudo-self-compatibility.
  • To characterize the role of S-locus-linked genes in regulating SI breakdown.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana model system.
  • Introduced SI specificity-determining SRK and SCR genes from A. lyrata into A. thaliana accessions.
  • Analyzed S-locus-linked genes, including PUB8, for their role in regulating SRK transcript levels.

Main Results:

  • Identified a hypomorphic allele of PUB8 as the cause of pseudo-self-compatibility.
  • PUB8 encodes an ARM repeat- and U box-containing protein that regulates SRK transcript levels.
  • This is the first gene identified for pseudo-self-compatibility and demonstrates how transgene-revealed variation aids complex trait gene discovery.

Conclusions:

  • Pseudo-self-compatibility is genetically controlled by a hypomorphic PUB8 allele.
  • PUB8 plays a crucial role in regulating SI breakdown and mixed mating strategies.
  • Transgenic approaches uncovering cryptic genetic variation are powerful tools for dissecting complex traits.