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Handwriting Analysis Indicates Spontaneous Dyskinesias in Neuroleptic Naïve Adolescents at High Risk for Psychosis

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Cognitive functioning in the schizophrenia prodrome.

Andor E Simon¹, Katja Cattapan-Ludewig, Solange Zmilacher

¹Department of Psychiatry, Specialized Outpatient Service for Early Psychosis, Psychiatric Outpatient Services, 4104 Bruderholz, Switzerland. andor.simon@tiscalinet.ch

Schizophrenia Bulletin

|April 7, 2007

Summary

Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia are present early. Individuals at ultra high-risk (UHR) and those with basic symptoms (BS) show intermediate cognitive deficits, supporting early intervention for schizophrenia.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Cognitive alterations are increasingly recognized in early schizophrenia.
Understanding cognition in at-risk states is crucial for early intervention models.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cognitive functioning in individuals meeting basic symptom (BS) or ultra high-risk (UHR) criteria for schizophrenia.
To compare cognitive performance across different stages of psychosis trajectory.

Main Methods:

Cognitive assessment of 93 individuals meeting BS or UHR criteria.
Comparison with 43 first-episode psychosis patients and 49 controls.
Analysis of auditory working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, and declarative memory.

Main Results:

All groups performed below normative values.
Both BS and UHR groups showed intermediate cognitive performance between first-episode patients and controls.
The UHR group performed between the first-episode and BS groups.

Conclusions:

Cognitive impairments in early schizophrenia prodrome may be modest.
Findings support early intervention to prevent psychosis onset and further cognitive damage.
Auditory working memory, verbal fluency/processing speed, and declarative memory are most affected.