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Related Concept Videos

Ventilatory Modes01:14

Ventilatory Modes

Mechanical ventilators are life-saving devices that support or replace spontaneous breathing. They deliver breaths to patients through varying methods known as ventilator modes. Understanding these modes is critical for healthcare providers managing patients with respiratory failure.
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Pleura of the Lungs

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Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Normothermic Negative Pressure Ventilation Ex Situ Lung Perfusion: Evaluation of Lung Function and Metabolism
09:31

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Published on: February 14, 2022

Transpleural ventilation of explanted human lungs.

Cliff K Choong1, Peter T Macklem, John A Pierce

  • 1Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, 6 Silverstein, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.

Thorax
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Directly accessing lung parenchyma through non-anatomical holes significantly enhances ventilation in emphysematous lungs. This approach improves breathing mechanics by bypassing airway obstruction, offering a novel strategy for emphysema treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung parenchyma and air trapping.
  • Current ventilation strategies may be limited by airway obstruction in emphysema.
  • Collateral ventilation pathways are extensive in emphysematous lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that direct pleural surface communication enhances lung ventilation in emphysema.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of transpleural ventilation (spiracles) compared to traditional airway ventilation.

Main Methods:

  • Human emphysematous and control lungs were used.
  • Lungs were ventilated via the bronchial tree and transpleurally through a surface hole (spiracle).
  • Measurements included flow-volume curves, trapped gas recovery, and hyperpolarized helium MRI.

Main Results:

  • Transpleural ventilation via spiracles expelled 94% more volume in 20s than airway ventilation.
  • Over 1 liter of trapped gas was recovered via spiracles after airway deflation.
  • Spiracles ventilated regions less effectively reached by bronchial pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Direct communication with lung parenchyma via non-anatomical pathways can improve breathing mechanics.
  • This approach has potential to enhance ventilation in emphysema.
  • Extensive collateral ventilation in emphysema supports the feasibility of this strategy.