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Related Concept Videos

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

7.2K
Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

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The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Related Experiment Videos

Epigenetics of long-range chromatin interactions.

Jian Qun Ling1, Andrew R Hoffman

  • 1VA Palo Alto Health Care System, CA 94304, USA.

Pediatric Research
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Gene regulation can occur over long distances in the nucleus, involving complex 3D genome architecture. DNA binding proteins and nuclear organization are crucial for these long-range interactions and gene transcription control.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA segments distant from gene promoters can regulate transcription.
  • This necessitates understanding mechanisms of long-range chromatin interactions.
  • Chromosomes decondense into territories in intermitotic cells, with complex intermingling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying long-range chromatin interactions.
  • To explore the role of nuclear architecture in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstration of intrachromosomal and interchromosomal long-range associations.
  • Implication of DNA binding proteins in maintaining these interactions.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • A single gene can interact with numerous distant DNA segments.
  • Long-range interactions are frequently involved in regulating monoallelically expressed genes, including imprinted genes and odorant receptors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Nuclear geography and 3D architecture are critical factors in gene transcription regulation.
    • Understanding these spatial arrangements is essential for comprehending gene expression control.