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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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Two-Way ANOVA

The two-way ANOVA is an extension of the one-way ANOVA. It is a statistical test performed on three or more samples categorized by two factors - a row factor and a column factor. Ronald Fischer mentioned it in 1925 in his book 'Statistical Methods for Researchers.'
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Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Gender differences in anesthesiologists' annual incomes.

William B Weeks1, Amy E Wallace, Todd A Mackenzie

  • 1VA Outcomes Group Research Enhancement Award Program, Veterans Administration Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA. wbw@dartmouth.edu

Anesthesiology
|April 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Female anesthesiologists earned significantly less than their male counterparts in the 1990s. This study examined gender-based income disparities in anesthesiology, controlling for work effort and practice characteristics.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Medical Economics
  • Physician Compensation
  • Anesthesiology Workforce Studies

Background:

  • Physician income is influenced by specialty, work effort, and gender.
  • Previous research has not thoroughly examined gender-based income differences in anesthesiology after controlling for confounding factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between provider gender and annual income among anesthesiologists.
  • To adjust for work effort, provider characteristics, and practice characteristics in the analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized survey data from 819 practicing anesthesiologists from the 1990s.
  • Employed linear regression analysis to assess the relationship between gender and income.
  • Controlled for variables including work effort, provider demographics, and practice structure.

Main Results:

  • White female anesthesiologists worked 12% fewer hours annually than white males.
  • Females had fewer years of practice and were more likely to be employees.
  • Adjusted analysis revealed female anesthesiologists earned $60,337 (20%) less than males annually.

Conclusions:

  • Female gender was associated with lower annual incomes for anesthesiologists during the 1990s.
  • Further research is needed to identify the underlying causes of these gender-based income disparities.