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A fiber-based ratiometric optical cardiac mapping channel using a diffraction grating and split detector.

Ninita H Brown1, Hana M Dobrovolny, Daniel J Gauthier

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. ninita.brown@duke.edu

Biophysical Journal
|April 10, 2007
PubMed
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This study introduces a new fiber-optic system for accurately measuring cardiac action potential duration (APD) in beating hearts. The novel system eliminates motion artifacts without drugs, enabling precise optical APD recordings.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Instrumentation

Background:

  • Optical fiber systems map cardiac action potentials (AP) but suffer from motion artifacts (MA) due to contraction.
  • Accurate action potential duration (APD) measurement is crucial for understanding cardiac function.
  • Current methods to remove MA involve drugs like 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), which can affect cardiac physiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel fiber-based ratiometric optical channel for accurate cardiac AP measurement.
  • To eliminate the need for electrical-mechanical uncoupling drugs (e.g., BDM) in optical AP recordings.
  • To overcome motion artifact challenges in optical mapping of the beating heart.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a ratiometric optical channel using a blue LED, diffraction grating, and split photodetector, optimized with ZEMAX simulations.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Tested the system on rabbit heart preparations, recording cardiac AP without BDM.
  • Analyzed data using median filtering and calculated signal/noise ratio and motion ratio for MA quantification.

    • Main Results:

    • The novel optical channel successfully recorded cardiac AP in rabbit hearts without BDM.
    • Achieved a mean signal/noise ratio of 25.3 V/V after filtering.
    • Optical APD measurements (134 +/- 8.4 ms) closely matched microelectrode recordings (137.6 +/- 3.3 ms), with no statistical difference (p=0.3).
    • Demonstrated significant reduction in motion artifact (p=0.0001).

    Conclusions:

    • This fiber-based system is the first to enable optical APD measurements in the beating heart wall without BDM.
    • The developed ratiometric optical channel provides accurate and artifact-free cardiac AP recordings.
    • This technology offers a promising alternative for cardiac electrophysiology research and clinical applications.