Mouse model for the treatment of immune pregnancy loss

Spontaneous abortions can be associated with preimplantation embryo loss, implantation problems and a variety of postimplantation pregnancy failures. The long list of possible causes for the postimplantation pregnancy loss includes, among others, genetic abnormalities in fetus, anatomical abnormalities of the uterus, endocrinological insufficiency, and microbiological problems. However, more than 50% of recurrent miscarriages still have no recognized causes. The concept that many such abortions may be immunologically mediated has gained increasing support over the years. Moreover, immunization of such women with husband's or third party leukocytes has resulted in more than 70% of subsequent pregnancies resulting in live births. Since neither the mechanisms leading to pregnancy loss nor the success of immunotherapy are clear, the set-up of animal models for recurrent abortions would be of supreme significance. Our recent data show that immunopotentiation of maternal immune system by Complete Freund Adjuvant significantly improves pregnancy rate in CBA x DBA/2 mouse combination with high percentage of fetal resorptions. This effect is followed by decrease of IL 2 production in spleen; increase of MAC 1-positive cells at placenta; amplification of suppressive activity of local and systemic lymphocytes and by reverse of embryotoxic effect of maternal serum. Data obtained in this model seems to be valuable in substantiation of rationale for nonspecific immunotherapy of human abortions.