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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology01:28

Three-Dimensional Microscopy in Microbiology

Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Non-invasive 3D-Visualization with Sub-micron Resolution Using Synchrotron-X-ray-tomography
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Published on: May 27, 2008

3-D X-ray diffraction imaging with nanoscale resolution using incoherent radiation.

Andrei Y Nikulin1, Ruben A Dilanian, Nadia A Zatsepin

  • 1School of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. Andrei.Nikulin@sci.monash.edu.au

Nano Letters
|April 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A new X-ray diffraction analysis method non-destructively determines nanoscale particle and cluster shapes in 3D. This technique enables in situ analysis of large material volumes with high spatial resolution, suitable for lab settings.

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Measurements of Long-range Electronic Correlations During Femtosecond Diffraction Experiments Performed on Nanocrystals of Buckminsterfullerene
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Accurate 3D characterization of nanomaterials is crucial for understanding their properties.
  • Existing methods for 3D nanoscale imaging often require complex setups or are limited in sample volume.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel X-ray diffraction (XRD) data analysis approach.
  • To demonstrate the nondestructive 3D shape determination of nanoscale particles and clusters.
  • To validate the technique using composite nanostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a novel approach to X-ray diffraction data analysis.
  • Performing 3D reconstruction of modal images without tomographic synthesis.
  • Conducting in situ analysis of large material volumes (several cubic millimeters).

Main Results:

  • Successfully determined the 3D shape of nanoscale particles and clusters.
  • Achieved a spatial resolution of a few nanometers.
  • Demonstrated insensitivity to X-ray coherence, simplifying the experimental setup.
  • Validated the approach on composite nanostructures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed XRD analysis technique offers a powerful tool for 3D nanomaterial characterization.
  • The method's suitability for laboratory facilities broadens accessibility to advanced nanoscale analysis.
  • This approach facilitates in situ studies of large material volumes with high resolution.