Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care01:29

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Collaborative Care

The management of chronic pancreatitis is multifaceted, involving a comprehensive approach that includes thorough assessment, diagnostic testing, and a variety of management strategies.
Assessment:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The effect of exposure to a commercial 2,4-D formulation during gestation on the immune response in CD-1 mice.

Toxicology·2001
Same author

The effect of exposure to a commercial 2,4-D herbicide formulation during gestation on urethan-induced lung adenoma formation in CD-1 mice.

Veterinary and human toxicology·2000
Same author

Trace mineral and vitamin concentrations in the liver and serum of wild muskoxen from Victoria Island.

Journal of wildlife diseases·2000
Same author

Suppression of rat and mouse lymphocyte function by urban air particulates (Ottawa dust) is reversed by N-acetylcysteine.

Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A·2000
Same author

Effect of chlorpyrifos on immune function in rats.

Veterinary and human toxicology·1999
Same author

Copper deficiency in a herd of captive muskoxen.

The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne·1998

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri
09:43

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

Published on: April 24, 2018

Chronic copper toxicity in a dairy herd.

D J Perrin, H B Schiefer, B R Blakley

    The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La Revue Veterinaire Canadienne
    |September 1, 1990
    PubMed
    Summary

    Excessive copper in dairy feed caused chronic toxicity, leading to animal deaths and culling. Researchers suggest reevaluating maximum copper levels in dairy cattle diets due to potential heightened susceptibility.

    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Medicine
    • Animal Nutrition
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Copper is an essential trace element for cattle, but excessive levels can lead to toxicity.
    • A commercial dairy ration was formulated with excessively high copper concentrations due to a feed company error.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of chronic copper toxicity in a commercial dairy herd.
    • To determine the clinical signs and outcomes associated with excessive copper intake in dairy cattle.
    • To evaluate the susceptibility of dairy cows, especially pregnant ones, to copper toxicity.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of feed concentrate to determine copper levels.
    • Clinical observation of affected dairy animals.
    • Post-mortem examination for signs of toxicity.

    More Related Videos

    Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle
    08:29

    Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle

    Published on: November 30, 2018

    Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis
    16:21

    Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis

    Published on: February 26, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

    Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri
    09:43

    Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

    Published on: April 24, 2018

    Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle
    08:29

    Measuring Liver Mitochondrial Oxygen Consumption and Proton Leak Kinetics to Estimate Mitochondrial Respiration in Holstein Dairy Cattle

    Published on: November 30, 2018

    Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis
    16:21

    Quantifying Fish Swimming Behavior in Response to Acute Exposure of Aqueous Copper Using Computer Assisted Video and Digital Image Analysis

    Published on: February 26, 2016

  • Monitoring herd mortality and calf viability.

    • Main Results:

    • Copper levels in the "as fed concentrate" ranged from 800 to 1,000 mg/kg.
    • Acute toxicity signs included intravascular hemolysis and methemoglobinemia, resulting in five immediate deaths.
    • An additional 39 cows died from debilitation and secondary infections, and 215 were culled due to poor condition and low milk production.
    • Calf mortality from dams fed the toxic ration was approximately 50%.

    Conclusions:

    • Excessive copper in dairy rations can cause severe chronic toxicity, leading to significant mortality and economic losses.
    • Dairy cows, particularly pregnant individuals, may exhibit increased susceptibility to copper toxicity.
    • Current maximum allowable copper supplementation levels in dairy cattle diets warrant reexamination.