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Published on: December 27, 2016
Effectiveness of topical antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vitro
Martin Desrosiers1, Zohra Bendouah, Jean Barbeau
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada. desrosiers_martin@hotmail.com
Background:
In vitro biofilm-producing capacity in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected from the sinus cavities after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are associated with a poor outcome in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, conventional oral antibiotic therapy is frequently ineffective in eradicating bacteria in the biofilm form. Increasing the concentration of antibiotics may offer a means of countering this resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin (MOXI) against S. aureus in biofilm form (recovered from patients with CRS at least 1 year post-ESS).
Method:
This study was performed in a research microbiology laboratory, where five isolates of S. aureus with known biofilm-forming capacity were cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth 0.5% glucose in 96-well plates at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. After visual confirmation of biofilm formation, plates were incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or with MOXI at concentrations of 0.1x, Ix, 100x, and 1000x minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for an additional 24 hours. Biofilm from 3 wells of each concentration were collected and sonicated and the number of viable bacteria was determined by serial dilution and plating.
Results:
After incubation, the number of viable bacteria was similar for nontreated and MOXI-treated biofilms at MIC and sub-MIC levels. However, MOXI at 1000x (0.1-0.2 mg/mL) gave a 2 to 2.5 log reduction in number of viable bacteria.
Conclusion:
In vitro results show that increased concentrations of antibiotics, easily attainable in topical solutions, are effective in killing bacteria in bacterial biofilms. This suggests a role for topical antibiotic therapies in the treatment of biofilm infections.
Insights
High-concentration moxifloxacin effectively reduced Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro. This finding supports topical antibiotic use for chronic rhinosinusitis biofilm infections, offering new treatment avenues.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients post-endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) correlate with poor outcomes.
- Standard oral antibiotics are often ineffective against bacterial biofilms.
- Elevated antibiotic concentrations may overcome biofilm resistance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the in vitro efficacy of moxifloxacin (MOXI) against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms.
- Biofilms were derived from CRS patients at least one year after ESS.
Main Methods:
- Five S. aureus isolates with known biofilm-forming capacity were cultured.
- Biofilms were exposed to moxifloxacin at concentrations of 0.1x, 1x, 100x, and 1000x the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC).
- Viable bacteria counts were determined after incubation.
Main Results:
- Moxifloxacin at MIC and sub-MIC levels showed no significant reduction in viable bacteria within biofilms.
- A 1000x concentration of moxifloxacin (0.1-0.2 mg/mL) achieved a 2 to 2.5 log reduction in viable bacteria.
Conclusions:
- Increased antibiotic concentrations, achievable in topical formulations, are effective against bacteria in biofilms.
- Topical antibiotic therapy may be a viable strategy for treating biofilm infections, including those in chronic rhinosinusitis.
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