The rotator interval: anatomy, pathology, and strategies for treatment

Over the past two decades, it has become accepted that the rotator interval is a distinct anatomic entity that plays an important role in affecting the proper function of the glenohumeral joint. The rotator interval is an anatomic region in the anterosuperior aspect of the glenohumeral joint that represents a complex interaction of the fibers of the coracohumeral ligament, the superior glenohumeral ligament, the glenohumeral joint capsule, and the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons. As basic science and clinical studies continue to elucidate the precise role of the rotator interval, understanding of and therapeutic interventions for rotator interval pathology also continue to evolve. Lesions of the rotator interval may result in glenohumeral joint contractures, shoulder instability, or in lesions to the long head of the biceps tendon. Long-term clinical trials may clarify the results of current surgical interventions and further enhance understanding of the rotator interval.