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Allergy from cellulase and xylanase enzymes
K Tarvainen1, L Kanerva, O Tupasela
1Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Summary
Occupational exposure to cellulase and xylanase enzymes can cause respiratory and skin allergies in workers. These enzymes may also cause cross-reactive allergic responses, impacting workplace safety and job retention.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Occupational Health
- Allergology
Background:
- Biotechnological advancements have led to new potentially allergenic proteins.
- Enzymes are recognized as respiratory allergens, but skin allergies are less common.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe occupational allergic respiratory and skin symptoms caused by cellulase and xylanase enzymes.
- To investigate the diagnostic methods and cross-reactivity between these enzymes.
Main Methods:
- Case study of four patients with occupational allergies.
- Diagnostic tests included skin prick tests, specific IgE (RAST), RAST-inhibition, and patch tests.
- Evaluated immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
Main Results:
- Four patients developed allergic respiratory symptoms (asthma, rhinitis) and skin reactions (urticaria, contact dermatitis) due to cellulase/xylanase.
- Positive patch tests confirmed allergic contact dermatitis.
- RAST tests showed specific IgE to both enzymes, with significant cross-reactivity indicated by RAST-inhibition tests.
Conclusions:
- Cellulase and xylanase are significant occupational allergens causing both respiratory and skin manifestations.
- Cross-reactivity between cellulase and xylanase is common.
- Effective management may require job modification or relocation to prevent persistent symptoms.