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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract I: Health History

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical to patient care. It allows healthcare professionals to identify and manage various respiratory conditions. The process involves a combination of subjective and objective data collection.
Subjective Data
Subjective data provides vital information about the patient's health history and symptoms. This data is typically collected through interviews in which patients describe their experiences, symptoms, and concerns.
Health history and key...
Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more like...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

A bioarcheological study of maxillary sinusitis.

Charlotte A Roberts1

  • 1Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. c.a.roberts@durham.ac.uk

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
|April 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Maxillary sinusitis in skeletal samples indicates poor air quality and respiratory health impacts. Female sinusitis rates were higher, especially in rural and hunter-gatherer settings.

Area of Science:

  • Bioarchaeology
  • Paleopathology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Maxillary sinusitis is examined as a bioarchaeological indicator of past air quality.
  • Skeletal samples from diverse geographic locations and subsistence economies were analyzed.

Observation:

  • Sinusitis frequency varied significantly across sites, ranging from 17.2% to 51.5%.
  • Hardin Village exhibited the highest prevalence (51.5%), while "South Dakota" showed the lowest (17.2%).
  • Female sinusitis rates generally exceeded male rates, with wider variation in females.

Findings:

  • Urban agricultural sites showed higher sinusitis rates (48.5%) compared to rural agricultural (45.0%) and hunter-gatherer sites (40.0%).
  • In urban settings, male and female sinusitis frequencies were similar, but females predominated in rural and hunter-gatherer groups.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

  • Dental disease showed minimal correlation with sinusitis prevalence.

    • Implications:

    • This study highlights the link between historical air quality and respiratory health, observable in skeletal remains.
    • Findings underscore the vulnerability of populations to environmental pollutants, with sex-specific patterns observed.
    • Bioarchaeological data provides valuable insights into long-term environmental health impacts, complementing modern clinical studies.