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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
Superficial bladder cancer: part 2. Management
David Josephson1, Erik Pasin, John P Stein
1University of Southern California, Department of Urology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9178, USA. david.josephson@usc.edu
Abstract:
In the second section of a two-part article, the recent literature is reviewed and the management of nonmuscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is discussed. Particular attention is given to the indications and timing of intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy and the differences in efficacy and side-effect profiles of the available agents. The indications and role of second-look transurethral resection are reviewed. Additionally, the role of bacillus Calmette-Guerin in the management of this disease in terms of definitive treatment and maintenance therapy is discussed. We also offer a review of the literature regarding therapies for bacillus Calmette-Guerin-refractory nonmuscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and their current place in practice.
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