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Concomitant Isolation of Primary Astrocytes and Microglia for Protozoa Parasite Infection
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Published on: March 18, 2020

Human protothecosis.

Cornelia Lass-Flörl1, Astrid Mayr

  • 1Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Fritz Pregl Str. 3/III, 6020 Innsbruck, Tyrol, Austria. cornelia.lass-floerl@i-med.ac.at

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|April 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Human protothecosis, a rare infection by Prototheca algae, presents varied clinical forms. Amphotericin B shows the best activity against Prototheca species, though treatment failure is common.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Human protothecosis is a rare infection caused by achlorophyllic algae of the genus Prototheca.
  • These organisms are ubiquitous in nature and can cause local or disseminated, acute or chronic disease.
  • Infections occur in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals, with more severe cases in the latter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of human protothecosis.
  • To highlight the etiological agents, Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii.
  • To discuss the efficacy of various antifungal treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human protothecosis cases.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations including cutaneous lesions, olecranon bursitis, and systemic manifestations.

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  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods, primarily histopathology.
  • Review of treatment outcomes with various antifungal agents.

    • Main Results:

    • Protothecosis manifests as cutaneous lesions, olecranon bursitis, or disseminated disease.
    • Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii are the main species implicated in human infections.
    • Treatment failure is common, with amphotericin B demonstrating the highest in vitro activity against Prototheca spp.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosis relies on histopathological identification of Prototheca.
    • Effective treatment often requires a combination of medical and surgical approaches.
    • Amphotericin B is the most effective antifungal agent, despite potential treatment failures.