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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

Steps in the Modeling Process

Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
Attention is the first necessary component for observational learning. It involves focusing on what the model is doing and saying. For example, if you decide to take a drawing class to enhance your skills, you need to pay close attention to the instructor's words and hand movements. The characteristics of the model significantly...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a bonus...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

Implementation and refinement of a problem-based learning model: a ten-year experience.

Leigh Ann Ross1, Brian L Crabtree, Gary D Theilman

  • 1School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Washington, DC 20002, USA. laross@pharmacy.umsmed.edu

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|April 13, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Problem-based learning (PBL) in pharmacy education enhanced student acceptance through active learning and curricular input, despite initial resource challenges. This model fostered practical benefits and student engagement over a decade.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
13:44

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques

Published on: December 9, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Education
  • Medical Pedagogy

Background:

  • Transitioned from faculty-centered to student-centered learning in pharmacy curriculum.
  • Reduced didactic lectures, emphasizing small group discussions and faculty facilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Evaluate the effectiveness of a problem-based learning (PBL) model.
  • Assess student and faculty experiences with the PBL curriculum over 10 years.

Main Methods:

  • Reoriented the third-professional year curriculum to a student-centered approach.
  • Assessed students on group participation, content knowledge, and problem-solving skills.
  • Solicited faculty and student input for continuous program improvement.

Main Results:

  • Identified areas for improvement: clearer objectives, peer review, refined assessments, and remediation.
  • Recommended weekly case conferences led by content experts.
  • Gathered ongoing feedback from graduates, faculty, and accreditation reviews.

Conclusions:

  • Student acceptance of PBL hinged on recognizing active learning benefits and valuing their input.
  • Initial challenges related to personnel and space were manageable.
  • The PBL model demonstrated long-term viability and effectiveness in pharmacy education.