Multidetector CT urography: experimental analysis of radiation dose reduction in an animal model

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of reducing X-ray exposure during multidetector CT urography (MDCTU) considering image quality using a porcine model. MDCTU was performed in eight healthy pigs. Scanning was conducted using a gradual reduction of the tube current-time product at 120 kV [200-20 mAs (eff.) in ten steps]. Three blinded observers independently evaluated the image data for anatomic detail, subjective image quality, and subjective image noise. Overall image quality was compared to milliampere-second settings and radiation dose. Objective noise measurements were assessed. Noise measurements in patients were also performed to verify the comparabilty of the animal model. Adequate image quality allowing for detailed visualization of the upper urinary tract was obtained when the tube current-time product was decreased to 70 eff. mAs at 120 kV. Image noise did not impair image quality to a relevant degree using these parameters. There was high agreement among the observers (ICC = 0.95). In the animal experiments, reduced-dose MDCTU produced good image quality. A maximum current-time product reduction to 70 eff. mAs at 120 kV (CTDI(vol) = 5.3 mGy) proved to be feasible, thereby offering an advantageous dosage reduction. The study provides a basis for the development of reduced-dose MDCTU protocols in humans.