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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Candidiasis01:20

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by opportunistic species of Candida. It can affect various anatomical sites, including the skin, oral cavity, nails, and genitourinary tract. Among its forms, vaginal candidiasis is the most common type of mucosal infection. It typically results from the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vaginal mucosa. Under normal conditions, C. albicans exists as a commensal organism within the vaginal microbiota, regulated by the dominance of lactobacilli, which...
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds
08:54

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds

Published on: February 14, 2018

Advances in topical and systemic antifungals.

Alexandra Y Zhang1, William L Camp, Boni E Elewski

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, EFH 414, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Dermatologic Clinics
|April 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Topical antifungals treat superficial infections, while systemic antifungals address severe or resistant cases. New agents offer improved options for invasive fungal infections due to resistance and immunocompromised patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds
08:54

Broth Microdilution In Vitro Screening: An Easy and Fast Method to Detect New Antifungal Compounds

Published on: February 14, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Superficial fungal infections are typically managed with topical antifungal agents.
  • Systemic antifungals are reserved for specific conditions like onychomycosis, tinea capitis, candidiasis, and invasive fungal infections.
  • Traditional antifungals face limitations due to emerging resistant strains, increased infections in immunocompromised individuals, drug interactions, adverse effects, and fungistatic mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of antifungal therapy.
  • To highlight the limitations of traditional antifungal agents.
  • To introduce the therapeutic benefits of newer antifungal agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of topical and systemic antifungal agents.
  • Analysis of treatment guidelines for superficial and invasive fungal infections.
  • Evaluation of new antifungal agents and their mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Topical agents are first-line for most superficial infections.
  • Systemic agents are crucial for onychomycosis, tinea capitis, candidiasis, and invasive infections.
  • Newer antifungal agents show significant therapeutic benefits and expand treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • The emergence of resistant fungal strains and increased invasive infections necessitates advanced therapeutic strategies.
  • New antifungal agents offer improved efficacy and safety profiles, broadening clinical choices.
  • Continued research into novel antifungal therapies is essential for combating challenging fungal infections.