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Related Concept Videos

Mixing Time01:19

Mixing Time

The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard capacity...

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Diet mixing time affects nursery pig performance.

C N Groesbeck1, R D Goodband, M D Tokach

  • 1Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA.

Journal of Animal Science
|April 14, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Ensuring adequate diet mixing time is crucial for nursery pig performance. Insufficient mixing, indicated by a high coefficient of variation (CV), negatively impacts average daily gain and feed efficiency in young pigs.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Swine Nutrition

Background:

  • Accurate diet formulation requires effective mixing of low-inclusion ingredients.
  • Mixer efficiency is critical for ensuring uniform nutrient distribution in animal feed.
  • Inconsistent mixing can lead to variability in nutrient intake and impact animal performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of mixing time and ingredient particle size on mixer efficiency.
  • To determine the relationship between mixer efficiency and the growth performance of nursery pigs.
  • To identify optimal mixing parameters for diets containing crystalline amino acids, minerals, and medication.

Main Methods:

  • A horizontal ribbon mixer's efficiency was assessed using salt of varying particle sizes (440–3,000 µm) and sample preparation methods (unground vs. ground).
  • Mixer efficiency was quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV) of chloride concentration at different mixing times (0–630 s).
  • Nursery pigs were fed diets mixed for varying durations (0–330 s) to assess the effects on average daily gain (ADG) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F).

Main Results:

  • Mixer efficiency (CV < 10%) was achieved within 330 s using 440-µm unground or ground salt, or 730-µm ground salt.
  • Inadequate diet mixing (CV > 12%) was observed with shorter mixing times or larger particle sizes.
  • Increased mixing time significantly improved ADG and G:F in nursery pigs, with optimal performance linked to CV values below 12%.

Conclusions:

  • Diet mixing time significantly influences mixer efficiency and nursery pig growth performance.
  • Particle size of ingredients and sample preparation method affect the time required to achieve adequate mixer efficiency.
  • Inadequate diet homogeneity negatively affects pig growth, highlighting the importance of optimizing mixing protocols.