[Filariasis]

Filariasis are vector-transmitted parasitoses, exclusively tropical, except for dirofilariosis. Their impact differs according to the type of filaria and the induced immune response. The diagnosis is made based on the presence of dermatological or lymphatic manifestations, acute or chronic, associated with usually extended stays in an endemic country. It can also be established following a laboratory examination revealing hypereosinophilia or correspond to the incidental finding of microfilariae (blood or skin). The visualization of the embryonic and/or adult parasite confirms the infection. For pathogenic filariasis with microfilaremiae, paradoxically, clinically positive subjects are often amicrofilaremic. In this case, the presence of antibodies and/or specific serum antigens confirms the diagnosis. On the contrary, asymptomatic microfilariaecarriers are common but there is no guarantee that they will remain asymptomatic. The etiological treatment of choice is based on a combination of ivermectin and albendazole. However, diethylcarbamazine, which was formerly used, is still indicated. Dracunculiasis has been almost eradicated and the elimination of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis as public health problems can be contemplated in the medium term.