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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

[Basis for vaccine recommendations].

Daniel Lévy-Bruhl1

  • 1Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Département des maladies infectieuses, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94415 Saint-Maurice Cedex, France. d.levybruhl@invs.sante.fr

Medecine Sciences : M/S
|April 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Deciding on new vaccine inclusion in national schedules requires expert analysis of benefits, risks, and costs. This multidisciplinary approach considers disease burden, vaccine effectiveness, safety, and potential indirect epidemiological effects.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Health Economics

Context:

  • New vaccines require rigorous assessment before national immunisation schedule inclusion.
  • Decision-making involves evaluating benefits versus risks and cost-effectiveness.
  • Modern vaccines face scrutiny regarding safety and epidemiological impact.

Purpose:

  • To outline the multidisciplinary expertise required for vaccine inclusion decisions.
  • To detail the key factors influencing national immunisation schedule recommendations.
  • To highlight the complexities in assessing new vaccine strategies.

Summary:

  • Vaccine inclusion decisions integrate epidemiological, immunological, bio-mathematical, and economic data.
  • Key considerations include disease burden, vaccine efficacy, safety profile, cost, and feasibility.

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
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Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis
06:26

Micro-Colony Forming Unit Assay for Efficacy Evaluation of Vaccines Against Tuberculosis

Published on: July 28, 2023

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
08:52

Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice

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  • Potential indirect effects on disease epidemiology and societal demand are crucial.

    • Impact:

    • Informs public health policy for optimal vaccine implementation.
    • Supports evidence-based decision-making for national immunisation programs.
    • Addresses the challenges of incorporating novel vaccines into public health strategies.