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Related Experiment Videos

Towards improved artificial lungs through biocatalysis.

Joel L Kaar1, Heung-Il Oh, Alan J Russell

  • 1McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.

Biomaterials
|April 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Bioactive hollow fiber membranes with immobilized carbonic anhydrase (CA) significantly enhance CO(2) removal for artificial lungs. This innovation improves CO(2) exchange efficiency in respiratory assist devices by up to 75%.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Artificial lungs and respiratory assist devices struggle with inefficient CO(2) removal due to diffusion limitations.
  • Hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) are crucial blood-gas interfaces but often require large surface areas.
  • Enhancing CO(2) diffusion across membranes is key to improving device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of immobilizing carbonic anhydrase (CA) on HFMs to create "bioactive" membranes.
  • To assess how enzyme attachment affects the diffusional properties and CO(2) removal rates of the modified HFMs.
  • To evaluate the potential of these bioactive HFMs in a model respiratory assist device.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma modification of conventional HFMs to introduce surface hydroxyl groups.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Covalent immobilization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) onto the activated HFM surface using cyanogen bromide.
  • Characterization of enzyme coverage and assessment of gas permeance (CO(2), O(2)) using scanning electron microscopy and gas permeation studies.
  • Testing of bioactive HFMs in a model respiratory assist device with physiological bicarbonate solutions.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma treatment with optimized parameters did not compromise HFM integrity or gas permeance.
    • Near monolayer enzyme coverage (88%) was achieved with cyanogen bromide activation and CA immobilization.
    • Enzyme attachment did not impede CO(2) or O(2) diffusion across the HFMs.
    • Bioactive HFMs demonstrated up to a 75% improvement in CO(2) removal rates from bicarbonate solutions without enzyme leaching.

    Conclusions:

    • Bioactive HFMs with immobilized CA show significant potential for enhancing CO(2) exchange in respiratory devices.
    • The developed membranes offer improved efficiency without compromising blood-gas barrier integrity.
    • This approach represents a promising strategy for advancing artificial lung and respiratory assist device technology.