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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
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Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Murine Superficial Lymph Node Surgery
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Requirements for CD8 T-cell priming, memory generation and maintenance.

Martin Prlic1, Matthew A Williams, Michael J Bevan

  • 1Department of Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|April 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Immunological memory, mediated by CD8(+) T cells, protects against reinfection. Primary antigen exposure shapes the development and maintenance of these crucial memory cells for long-term immunity.

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In Vitro Resident Memory CD8 T Cell Differentiation Using Epithelial Organoid-T Cell Co-culture System

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cellular Biology
  • T Cell Biology

Background:

  • Immunological memory provides protection against secondary pathogen exposure.
  • CD8(+) memory T cells are vital for combating cell-associated antigens due to their rapid response and tissue localization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the factors influencing CD8(+) effector T cell differentiation into memory T cells.
  • To understand the mechanisms supporting CD8(+) memory T cell maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways.
  • Investigation of environmental cues impacting T cell development.
  • Assessment of CD8(+) memory T cell populations post-antigen exposure.

Main Results:

  • Primary antigen exposure significantly influences the magnitude, quality, and longevity of CD8(+) memory T cell pools.
  • Both TCR signals and environmental factors play critical roles in CD8(+) memory T cell development.
  • Specific cues guide effector T cells towards a memory phenotype and sustain memory populations.

Conclusions:

  • The initial encounter with antigen is a critical determinant of effective and durable immunological memory.
  • Understanding the interplay between TCR signals and environmental cues can optimize strategies for enhancing CD8(+) T cell-based vaccines and therapies.