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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
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Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Published on: October 2, 2014

Epilepsy in the elderly: scope of the problem.

Ilo E Leppik1

  • 1Epilepsy Research and Education Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.

International Review of Neurobiology
|April 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy treatment in elderly persons has limited data, with higher incidence in this group. Research is needed to address knowledge gaps and misconceptions regarding antiepileptic drug use in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Neurology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epilepsy incidence and prevalence are higher in the elderly.
  • Older adults are not a homogeneous group, impacting treatment.
  • Epilepsy is more prevalent in nursing home residents than community-dwelling elderly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the limited knowledge base for treating epilepsy in the elderly.
  • To identify knowns, known unknowns, and unknown knowns (misconceptions) in geriatric epilepsy care.
  • To stimulate research addressing current knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current knowledge on epilepsy in the elderly.
  • Analysis of antiepileptic drug (AED) use patterns and pharmacokinetic considerations.

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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
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Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
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  • Identification of misconceptions in geriatric epilepsy management.

    • Main Results:

    • Older AEDs like phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine are commonly used.
    • Hepatic metabolism of AEDs can be affected by age and drug-drug interactions.
    • Misconceptions exist regarding necessary AED levels and their fluctuations in the elderly.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant knowledge gaps exist in geriatric epilepsy treatment.
    • Age-related pharmacokinetic changes and drug interactions complicate AED therapy.
    • Further research is crucial to resolve known unknowns and improve care for elderly epilepsy patients.