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Published on: August 30, 2021
Effect of single administration of levonorgestrel on the menstrual cycle
Idris A Okewole1, Ayodele O Arowojolu, Okanlawon L Odusoga
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, P.M.B. 2001, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. idrisokewole@yahoo.com
Background:
Levonorgestrel (LNG) 1.5 mg administered within 72 h of unprotected coitus is an established method of emergency contraception. Currently, there is some, although incomplete, knowledge about the mechanism of action.
Methods:
We administered 1.5 mg LNG peri-ovulatory to determine the effects on serum gonadotrophins, estradiol and progesterone levels. Fourteen women were studied in a pretreatment and treatment cycle; eight women (Group A) took LNG 3 days before the expected day of ovulation, while 6 (Group B) took LNG a day before the expected day of ovulation.
Results:
The women in Group A had a significant delay in their LH peak and onset of the next menses compared with their pretreatment cycles (26.4 vs. 39.1 days, p<.05). Those in Group B had no significant changes in the endocrine parameters but there was a significant shortening of the mean cycle length in comparison with their pretreatment cycles (25.1 vs. 20.2 days).
Conclusion:
Levonorgestrel 1.5 mg acts as an emergency contraception by delaying the LH surge and interfering with ovulation. It may also disrupt corpus luteum formation causing premature luteinization of unruptured follicles.
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