Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides02:23

Autoxidation of Ethers to Peroxides and Hydroperoxides

Ethers represent a class of chemical compounds that become more dangerous with prolonged storage because they tend to form explosive peroxides when standing in the air. Autoxidation is the spontaneous oxidation of a compound in air. In the presence of oxygen, ethers slowly oxidize to form hydroperoxides and dialkyl peroxides.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids02:04

Oxidation of Alkenes: Anti Dihydroxylation with Peroxy Acids

Diols are compounds with two hydroxyl groups. In addition to syn dihydroxylation, diols can also be synthesized through the process of anti dihydroxylation. The process involves treating an alkene with a peroxycarboxylic acid to form an epoxide. Epoxides are highly strained three-membered rings with oxygen and two carbons occupying the corners of an equilateral triangle. This step is followed by ring-opening of the epoxide in the presence of an aqueous acid to give a trans diol.
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The 1 -Cys peroxiredoxin, PRDX-6, suppresses an NHR-49-dependent pro-survival response, including the Flavin monooxygenase, FMO-2, that protects against fungal and bacterial infection.

Redox biology·2026
Same author

Stress contingent changes in Hog1 pathway architecture and regulation in Candida albicans.

PLoS pathogens·2024
Same author

How are hydrogen peroxide messages relayed to affect cell signalling?

Current opinion in chemical biology·2024
Same author

Quantifying redox transcription factor dynamics as a tool to investigate redox signalling.

Free radical biology & medicine·2024
Same author

The longevity and reversibility of quiescence in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> are dependent upon the HIRA histone chaperone.

Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)·2023
Same author

A peroxiredoxin-P38 MAPK scaffold increases MAPK activity by MAP3K-independent mechanisms.

Molecular cell·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells
09:47

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: June 2, 2023

Hydrogen peroxide sensing and signaling.

Elizabeth A Veal1, Alison M Day, Brian A Morgan

  • 1Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK. e.a.veal@ncl.ac.uk

Molecular Cell
|April 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Antioxidant enzymes detoxify harmful reactive oxygen species but also act as crucial sensors and regulators of cell signaling. This study explores how cells sense hydrogen peroxide and the dual role of these enzymes in biological processes.

More Related Videos

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells
09:47

Imaging of mtHyPer7, a Ratiometric Biosensor for Mitochondrial Peroxide, in Living Yeast Cells

Published on: June 2, 2023

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors
09:33

Imaging Approaches to Assessments of Toxicological Oxidative Stress Using Genetically-encoded Fluorogenic Sensors

Published on: February 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Oxidative stress contributes significantly to cell damage and disease development.
  • Antioxidant enzymes protect organisms by neutralizing reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide.
  • Hydrogen peroxide also functions as a vital signaling molecule in eukaryotic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide sensing in cells.
  • To highlight the emerging roles of antioxidant enzymes as signal transducers.
  • To discuss how antioxidant enzymes regulate biological processes in response to hydrogen peroxide.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on oxidative stress and cell signaling.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms for hydrogen peroxide detection.
  • Examination of the regulatory functions of antioxidant enzymes in signal transduction pathways.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests antioxidant enzymes are not just protective but also act as key sensors.
  • These enzymes play critical roles in transmitting signals initiated by hydrogen peroxide.
  • The dual function of antioxidant enzymes in sensing and signaling is increasingly recognized.

Conclusions:

  • Antioxidant enzymes possess a dual role in cellular defense and signal regulation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research into antioxidant enzyme signaling pathways holds therapeutic potential.