Reassessing the value of varicocelectomy as a treatment for male subfertility with a new meta-analysis
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Grade III Varicocele Surgical Treatment using Spermatic Vein-Superficial Abdominal Vein Shunt
Published on: August 23, 2024
Joel L Marmar1, Ashok Agarwal, Sushil Prabakaran
1Division of Urology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Objective:
To determine the efficacy of varicocelectomy as a treatment for male factor infertility by improving the chance of spontaneous pregnancy.
Design:
Meta-analysis.
Setting:
Cleveland Clinic's Glickman Urological Institute.
Patient(S):
Infertile men with abnormal results on semen analyses and a palpable varicocele.
Intervention(S):
Surgical varicocelectomy.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Spontaneous pregnancy outcome.
Result(S):
The odds of spontaneous pregnancy after surgical varicocelectomy, compared with no or medical treatment for palpable varicocele, were 2.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-6.20) with use of a random-effects model or 2.63 (95% CI, 1.60-4.33) with use of a fixed-effects model. The number needed to treat was 5.7 (95% CI, 4.4-9.5).
Conclusion(S):
Surgical varicocelectomy in infertile men with palpable lesions and at least one abnormal semen parameter improves the odds of spontaneous pregnancy in their female partners. Five studies were included (two randomized, three observational). All were scored for bias. Our study suggests that varicocelectomy in selected patients does indeed have beneficial effects on fertility status.
Related Concept Videos
Infertility in Males
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Infertility in Females
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

