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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

Development and initial validation of the Worry-Reduction Alcohol Expectancy Scale.

Joshua P Smith¹, Giao Q Tran

¹Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, College of Arts and Sciences, P.O. Box 210376, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0376, U.S.A. smijp@email.uc.edu

Addictive Behaviors

|April 17, 2007

Summary

This study developed the Worry-Reduction Alcohol Expectancy Scale (WRAES) to measure why people drink to ease anxiety. The WRAES demonstrates good reliability and validity for assessing worry-reduction alcohol expectancies.

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The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans

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Published on: April 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Substance Abuse Research

Background:

Generalized anxiety and heavy drinking are linked, indicating a need to understand alcohol expectancies related to worry reduction.
Existing measures may not adequately capture the specific expectancies associated with using alcohol to alleviate anxiety.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and psychometrically evaluate the Worry-Reduction Alcohol Expectancy Scale (WRAES).
To assess the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the WRAES in a non-clinical undergraduate population.

Main Methods:

Scale construction and item selection (Phase I) followed by reliability, validity, and cross-validation assessments (Phase II).
Two independent non-clinical undergraduate samples were utilized.
Psychometric properties including Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability, and correlations with convergent and discriminant measures were analyzed.

Main Results:

A two-factor model for the WRAES was supported across both study phases.
The WRAES demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = .96) and good test-retest reliability (r = .75).
The scale showed stronger correlations with convergent measures than with discriminant measures, supporting its validity.

Conclusions:

The Worry-Reduction Alcohol Expectancy Scale (WRAES) is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring alcohol expectancies related to worry reduction.
The findings support the utility of the WRAES in research examining the relationship between anxiety and alcohol use.