Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
Published on: September 20, 2016
Location of lung carcinoma in relation to the smoking habit and gender
Sérgio Jamnik1, César Uehara, Vilmer Vieira da Silva
1Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. sergio@pneumo.epm.br
Objective:
To analyze the locations of lung carcinomas in relation to patient gender and smoking status.
Methods:
In order to test the hypothesis that lung carcinoma location (upper or lower lobe; left or right side) is correlated with smoking status and gender, we conducted a retrospective study of 697 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma treated at the Pulmonology-Oncology Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo.
Results:
We found that the bronchogenic carcinomas occurring in smokers were more frequently located in the upper lobes, whereas those occurring in nonsmokers were more frequently located in the lower lobes. In women, the neoplasms were more often seen in the lower lobes, especially in nonsmokers. Based on the available data, there were no differences in terms of the side affected (left or right).
Conclusion:
Overall, bronchogenic carcinomas are predominantly found in the upper lobes. However, in nonsmokers, they occur more frequently in the lower lobes. In females, bronchogenic carcinomas present a tendency to occur more often in the lower lobes.
Related Concept Videos
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
Cancer Prevention
Some...
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
Other Pulmonary Disorders
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...