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Protective Efficacy and Pulmonary Immune Response Following Subcutaneous and Intranasal BCG Administration in Mice
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Echinacea purpurea and mucosal immunity.

H Hall1, M M Fahlman, H J Engels

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, United States. heatherh@elmhurst.edu

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|April 17, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Echinacea purpurea supplementation may help prevent exercise-induced immune suppression. This study found Echinacea reduced the duration of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in athletes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Intense exercise can suppress mucosal immunity, increasing susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI).
  • Secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) is a key component of mucosal immunity.
  • Echinacea purpurea is a popular herbal supplement with purported immune-enhancing properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Echinacea purpurea on mucosal immunity following exercise.
  • To determine if Echinacea supplementation influences the incidence and duration of URTI.
  • To assess Echinacea's impact on salivary s-IgA concentration and secretion rate.

Main Methods:

  • 32 subjects underwent an exercise protocol, with saliva samples collected pre- and post-exercise.

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  • Subjects were supplemented with either Echinacea purpurea or a placebo for 4 weeks.
  • Salivary s-IgA concentration, flow rate, and secretion rate were measured; URTI symptoms were logged.

    • Main Results:

    • Both groups showed exercise-induced reductions in s-IgA and secretion rate initially.
    • After 4 weeks, the placebo group showed continued s-IgA reduction, while the Echinacea group showed a slight increase.
    • Echinacea supplementation significantly reduced the duration of URTI symptoms (3.4 days vs. 8.6 days for placebo).

    Conclusions:

    • Echinacea purpurea may attenuate exercise-induced suppression of mucosal immunity.
    • Echinacea supplementation appears to reduce the duration of upper respiratory tract infections.
    • Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate mechanisms.