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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

Regional CBF changes in Parkinson's disease: a correlation with motor dysfunction.

Jung-Lung Hsu1, Tzyy-Ping Jung, Chien-Yeh Hsu

  • 1Department of Neurology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, 95, Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, and Graduate Institute of Medical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
|April 18, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study used advanced imaging to pinpoint brain blood flow changes in Parkinson's disease (PD). These findings correlate with PD severity, offering new insights into the condition.

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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

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Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
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Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking
07:26

Characterizing the Relationship Between Eye Movement Parameters and Cognitive Functions in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Patients with Eye Tracking

Published on: September 26, 2019

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
14:27

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting motor control.
  • Cerebral perfusion abnormalities are implicated in PD pathophysiology.
  • Previous functional imaging studies have not fully elucidated these perfusion changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To precisely localize cerebral perfusion abnormalities in Parkinson's disease.
  • To correlate these perfusion abnormalities with the clinical severity of PD.

Main Methods:

  • Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used in 27 PD patients and 24 controls.
  • Infomax independent component analysis (ICA) decomposed SPECT images into disease-related and unrelated subspaces.
  • Statistical parametric mapping compared regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) between groups.

Main Results:

  • PD patients showed increased rCBF in the putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, brainstem, and cerebellum.
  • Hypoperfusion was observed in the parieto-temporo-occipital cortex, prefrontal cortex, insula, and cingulate gyrus.
  • Motor scores negatively correlated with rCBF in the insula and cingulate gyrus.

Conclusions:

  • ICA effectively separated disease-related from unrelated cerebral blood flow differences in PD.
  • Identified perfusion changes align with the established model of Parkinson's disease.
  • This study provides a comprehensive demonstration of PD-related rCBF alterations.