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Related Experiment Videos

Brain structural alterations before mild cognitive impairment.

C D Smith1, H Chebrolu, D R Wekstein

  • 1MRISC, Room 62, University of Kentucky Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536. csmith@mri.uky.edu

Neurology
|April 18, 2007
PubMed
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Brain structure changes in normal aging individuals can predict future mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease (AD). Decreased gray matter in specific brain regions was observed before clinical symptoms appeared.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) are associated with cortical volume loss, particularly in the hippocampus, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex.
  • It remains unclear if volumetric brain changes occur in cognitively normal individuals before MCI diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if brain structure alterations in normal aged individuals precede the development of MCI or AD.
  • To identify early structural brain changes indicative of future cognitive decline.

Main Methods:

  • Structural MRI was used on 136 cognitively normal aged subjects with longitudinal follow-up.
  • Voxel-based morphometry analyzed gray matter volumes.
  • 23 subjects who developed MCI (9 progressing to AD) were compared to 113 who remained cognitively normal.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Cognitively normal individuals who later developed MCI showed reduced gray matter volumes in the anteromedial temporal lobes and left angular gyrus.
  • These volumetric changes were present before the clinical manifestation of MCI.

Conclusions:

  • Structural brain changes in areas supporting higher cognitive functions precede clinical symptoms in individuals who develop MCI.
  • Early detection of brain structural alterations may aid in predicting cognitive decline.