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Related Concept Videos

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent years,...
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response01:15

Chronopharmacokinetics: Circadian Rhythms and Influence on Drug Response

Circadian rhythms are cyclic changes that are crucial in plasma drug concentrations. Various standard circadian parameters, including core body temperature, heart rate, and other cardiovascular factors, directly impact disease states and the therapeutic response to drug therapy.
The time of drug administration is an important factor to consider, as it can influence the toxic dose of a drug. For example, a study conducted by Prins et al. in 1997 examined the effects of the timing of...

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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
06:53

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Published on: November 11, 2016

Central and peripheral clocks in cardiovascular and metabolic function.

Anne M Curtis1, Garret A Fitzgerald

  • 1The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Annals of Medicine
|April 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The molecular circadian clock regulates daily biological rhythms. Disruptions to this clock in rodent models are revealing its role in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including heart attack and stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular physiology
  • Molecular biology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • Biological rhythms are synchronized to a 24-hour cycle by the molecular circadian clock.
  • Cardiovascular functions and the occurrence of myocardial infarction and stroke exhibit diurnal variations.
  • Rodent models with disrupted clock function offer insights into disease mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the molecular circadian clock in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
  • To understand the impact of disrupted clock function on physiological processes.
  • To explore the link between circadian disruption and the incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing rodent models with genetically modified or pharmacologically altered circadian clock function.
  • Observing and analyzing cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in these models.
  • Correlating disruptions in molecular clock components with disease phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a significant role for the molecular clock in maintaining cardiovascular and metabolic health.
  • Disrupted circadian rhythms are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
  • Specific molecular clock components are implicated in the pathophysiology of these diseases.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular circadian clock is a critical regulator of cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis.
  • Circadian disruption is a contributing factor to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
  • Targeting the molecular clock may offer novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.