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Updated: Jul 15, 2026
06:35
Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
Published on: April 27, 2016
Recognizing and managing fibromuscular dysplasia.
1The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA. jeffrey.olin@msnyuhealth.org
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
|April 19, 2007
Summary
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) often affects young women, causing hypertension and stroke. Treatment for renal artery FMD involves angioplasty without a stent, while carotid artery FMD with symptoms also requires angioplasty.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory condition affecting arteries.
- It predominantly impacts young women, often presenting with hypertension, transient ischemic attack (TIA), or stroke.
Observation:
- FMD most commonly involves the renal and carotid arteries, but can affect any artery.
- Angiography typically reveals a characteristic "string of beads" appearance in medial fibroplasia, the most common FMD type.
Findings:
- Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty without stenting is the recommended treatment for renal artery stenosis with hypertension or renal impairment.
- Angioplasty is also indicated for internal carotid artery FMD in patients experiencing focal neurologic symptoms like TIA or stroke.
Implications:
- Timely diagnosis and appropriate endovascular treatment, such as angioplasty, are crucial for managing FMD complications.
- Understanding FMD's typical presentation and imaging findings aids in early detection and effective patient management.
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