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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Melatonin and type 2 diabetes - a possible link?

Elmar Peschke1, Ina Stumpf, Ivonne Bazwinsky

  • 1Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. elmar.peschke@medizin.uni-halle.de

Journal of Pineal Research
|April 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Human pancreatic tissue contains melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) and nuclear orphan receptors. Expression of these receptors is upregulated in type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Melatonin's role in pancreatic function is not fully understood.
  • Differences in pancreatic tissue may contribute to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and expression of melatonin membrane receptors (MT1, MT2) in human pancreatic tissue.
  • To examine the mRNA expression of nuclear orphan receptors in relation to T2DM.
  • To elucidate potential mechanisms underlying T2DM pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular investigations (e.g., mRNA analysis) and immunocytochemistry were employed.
  • Quantitative analysis of receptor expression levels was performed.
  • Comparison between T2DM patients and a control group of metabolically healthy individuals.

Main Results:

  • Melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 were identified in human pancreatic tissue and islets of Langerhans.
  • MT1 receptor expression was higher than MT2 expression.
  • Significantly elevated mRNA levels and protein expression of MT1 and MT2 were observed in T2DM patients.
  • Nuclear orphan receptors (RORalpha, RZRbeta, RORgamma, RevErbalpha) were detected in pancreatic tissue.
  • Increased mRNA expression of RORalpha, RZRbeta, and RORgamma correlated with membrane melatonin receptor expression in T2DM patients.

Conclusions:

  • Human pancreatic tissue expresses melatonin membrane receptors (MT1, MT2) and nuclear orphan receptors.
  • Upregulated expression of these receptors is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for melatonin signaling in T2DM pathogenesis.