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Cancer Prevention02:59

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
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Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
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Mutagen sensitivity: a genetic predisposition factor for cancer.

Xifeng Wu1, Jian Gu, Margaret R Spitz

  • 1Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. xwu@mdanderson.org

Cancer Research
|April 19, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Mutagen sensitivity, an indicator of DNA repair capacity, is highly heritable and increases cancer risk. This review summarizes evidence linking mutagen sensitivity to various cancers, supporting its role as a cancer susceptibility factor.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Mutagen sensitivity quantifies DNA damage response in lymphocytes, serving as an indirect measure of DNA repair capacity.
  • Epidemiologic studies suggest a link between mutagen sensitivity and susceptibility to epithelial cancers.
  • Genetic factors significantly influence the mutagen sensitivity phenotype, indicating high heritability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence linking mutagen sensitivity to cancer risk.
  • To consolidate findings from epidemiologic and genetic studies over two decades.
  • To assess the role of mutagen sensitivity as a cancer susceptibility factor.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of epidemiologic and genetic studies on mutagen sensitivity.
  • Analysis of data from short-term lymphocyte cultures measuring chromatid breaks.
  • Examination of heritability through twin studies and prospective analyses.

Main Results:

  • Mutagen sensitivity is strongly influenced by genetic factors and is highly heritable.
  • Prospective analyses confirm that increased mutagen sensitivity correlates with elevated cancer risk.
  • A consistent association is observed between mutagen sensitivity and susceptibility to various epithelial cancers.

Conclusions:

  • Mutagen sensitivity is a heritable trait and a significant risk factor for cancer development.
  • The evidence increasingly supports mutagen sensitivity as a key factor in cancer susceptibility.
  • Further research into the mechanisms linking DNA repair capacity and cancer is warranted.