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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Serum Creatinine Concentration and Clearance

In healthy individuals, serum creatinine levels remain stable due to a balance between its constant production—primarily from muscle metabolism—and renal excretion. Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomeruli, making it a valuable marker for estimating renal function. When the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreases, the kidneys can only eliminate less creatinine, causing serum levels to rise.Serum creatinine concentration is widely used to estimate creatinine clearance (Clcr), a...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are not...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology
03:59

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Published on: May 22, 2026

Decrease of creatinine clearance rate with aging in patients with head and neck cancer in Japan.

Goshi Nishimura1, Mamoru Tsukuda, Choichi Horiuchi

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan. gnishimu@yokohama-cu.ac.jp

International Journal of Clinical Oncology
|April 20, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Japanese patients with head and neck cancer often require lower cis-platinum (CDDP) doses due to age-related decline in renal function. This study evaluated creatinine clearance (Ccr) to understand reduced CDDP dosages in Japan.

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology
03:59

Therapeutic Massage for Psychological Well-being in Geriatric Oncology

Published on: May 22, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Lower cis-platinum (CDDP) dosages are common for head and neck cancer patients in Japan compared to other countries.
  • Renal function is a critical factor influencing chemotherapy dosage and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of renal function on cis-platinum (CDDP) dosage in Japanese head and neck cancer patients.
  • To clarify the reasons behind the lower CDDP dosage administered in Japan.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 375 head and neck cancer patients was studied between January 1998 and October 2005.
  • Creatinine clearance (Ccr) was measured multiple times before treatment, and average Ccr was calculated to assess renal function.

Main Results:

  • Renal function, indicated by Ccr, significantly decreased with advancing age.
  • The prevalence of Ccr below 65 ml/min/1.73 m(2) increased substantially with age, reaching 87.5% in patients in their eighties.
  • No correlation was found between renal function and Japanese lifestyle factors such as diet or water consumption.

Conclusions:

  • Japanese patients exhibit a more rapid decline in renal function with age compared to Americans.
  • Impaired renal function in Japanese patients necessitates reduced cis-platinum (CDDP) dosages or avoidance of its administration.
  • This finding highlights the importance of age-adjusted renal function assessment for optimizing CDDP therapy in head and neck cancer.