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Rapid Detection of Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs)
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Published on: March 2, 2018

Developmental plasticity and human disease: research directions.

P D Gluckman1, M A Hanson

  • 1Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. pd.gluckman@auckland.ac.nz

Journal of Internal Medicine
|April 21, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Early life environmental exposures can increase disease risk if the body adapts to the wrong conditions. More research is needed to understand these developmental origins and guide interventions.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The developmental origins paradigm links early environmental exposures to later disease risk.
  • This occurs via developmental plasticity, where early environments shape phenotypes.
  • Mismatch between early-induced phenotype and later environment increases disease susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address remaining questions within the developmental origins framework.
  • To highlight the need for research on disease burden, plasticity mechanisms, and interventions.
  • To inform policy makers about the significance of early life factors in human disease.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a conceptual review and synthesis of existing research.
  • It identifies key knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions.
  • No new empirical data were generated.

Main Results:

  • Significant questions persist regarding the attributable disease burden from early environmental factors.
  • Understanding the precise pathways, mechanisms, and critical windows of developmental plasticity is crucial.
  • Identifying early markers of environmentally induced changes and evaluating intervention feasibility are key challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Further focused research is essential to quantify the impact of early environmental factors on disease.
  • Evidence is needed to support policy changes emphasizing developmental factors in public health.
  • Translating research findings into effective interventions requires a deeper understanding of plasticity mechanisms.