Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase

Telomeres and Telomerase

In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.

Replication in Eukaryotes

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Identification of compounds that repress DUX4 expression in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Transgenic mouse models for investigating human DUX4 expression during development and its roles in FSHD pathophysiology.

Disease models & mechanisms·2026

Same author

Identification of compounds that repress DUX4 expression in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

CRISPRa-mediated disentanglement of the Dux-MERVL axis in the 2C-like state, totipotency, and cell death.

Science advances·2025

Same author

Transgenic mouse models for investigating human <i>DUX4</i> expression during development and its roles in FSHD pathophysiology.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

All-in-one vectors for epigenetic CRISPR inhibition of <i>DUX4-fl</i> in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

Published on: August 21, 2010

Engineered telomeres in transgenic Xenopus laevis.

Ryan Wuebbles¹, Peter L Jones

¹B107 Chemical and Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Transgenic Research

|April 21, 2007

Summary

Scientists created engineered telomeres in Xenopus laevis, a frog model organism. This efficient transgenesis technique allows studying telomere function and epigenetic regulation during normal vertebrate development.

More Related Videos

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

Published on: February 9, 2015

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Published on: February 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

Production of Transgenic Xenopus laevis by Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration and Nuclear Transplantation

Published on: August 21, 2010

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

Manipulation and In Vitro Maturation of Xenopus laevis Oocytes, Followed by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, to Study Embryonic Development

Published on: February 9, 2015

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Primordial Germ Cell Transplantation for CRISPR/Cas9-based Leapfrogging in Xenopus

Published on: February 1, 2018

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

Telomeres play crucial roles in epigenetic gene regulation, nuclear organization, and human disease.
Studying telomere function during normal development requires suitable model organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish an efficient system for generating vertebrate animals with engineered telomeres.
To investigate telomere formation and epigenetic regulation in a vertebrate model.

Main Methods:

Utilizing Xenopus laevis transgenesis technique to create animals with engineered telomeres.
Observing telomere recognition and complex formation at chromosome break points in Xenopus zygotes.

Main Results:

Xenopus zygotes efficiently recognize telomeric repeats and form telomeric complexes, creating new telomeres.
Transgenic Xenopus animals with engineered telomeres undergo normal development and metamorphosis.
Chromosome breakage is tolerated during normal development in these engineered animals.

Conclusions:

An efficient method for generating engineered telomeres in a vertebrate system has been developed.
This Xenopus model provides a platform for investigating epigenetic aspects of telomere function during vertebrate development.