Hydrosalpinx as an unusual complication of office hysteroscopy: case report

Some complications of hysterocopy have been reported with increasing practice of the procedure both for diagnostic and operative procedures. However, complications associated with office hysteroscopy (HS) have not been well documented. A 35-year-old woman was accepted at our center for a second IVF cycle. She had had a history of primary infertility for nine years and no presumptive factors as a cause of infertility had been documented. Office hysteroscopy revealed a regular endocervix, endometrial cavity and bilateral internal tubal ostia. The patient was evaluated by pelvic examination (without any evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease) and transvaginal ultrasonograhy one month after the office HS for routine evaluation before the IVF cycle. There was an image compatible with left hydrosalpinx (6 mm in diameter) in her ultrasonographic examination that had not been detected before by the same physician using the same ultrasound equipment. Following an informative consultation with the patient, laparoscopy was performed and left hydrosalpinx was diagnosed. Salpingectomy was then carried out. The diagnosis of hydrosalpinx was confirmed by histological examination. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of hydrosalpinx possibly caused by an office HS procedure.