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Related Concept Videos

Transduction01:16

Transduction

Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome are...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda
06:10

Following Cell-fate in E. coli After Infection by Phage Lambda

Published on: October 14, 2011

In vivo gene delivery and expression by bacteriophage lambda vectors.

H A Lankes1, C N Zanghi, K Santos

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Journal of Applied Microbiology
|April 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophage lambda can transfer genes into mammalian cells in vivo, with expression peaking within 24 hours. Surface modifications improve phage uptake and gene transfer efficiency in mammals.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Bacteriophages offer cost-effective, safe, and stable vectors for gene transfer and vaccine delivery.
  • Phage-mediated gene transfer in mammalian systems is not well understood.
  • Investigating phage gene transfer in vivo is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of phage-mediated gene transfer in vivo in mammalian hosts.
  • To assess the potential of bacteriophage lambda as a gene transfer vector in mice.
  • To explore strategies for enhancing phage-mediated gene transfer efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were inoculated with recombinant lambda phage carrying a firefly luciferase (luc) expression cassette.
  • In vivo gene expression was measured by luciferase activity over time.
  • Phage uptake was enhanced by displaying an integrin-binding peptide on the phage surface.
  • Phagocytic cells were depleted using clodronate liposomes to assess their role in gene transfer.

Main Results:

  • Efficient, dose-dependent in vivo luciferase expression was observed, peaking at 24 hours post-delivery.
  • Surface modification with an integrin-binding peptide increased phage internalization in vitro and gene transfer in vivo.
  • Depletion of phagocytic cells had a minimal impact on the efficiency of phage-mediated gene transfer.
  • Unmodified lambda phage particles demonstrated the ability to transduce mammalian cells in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Lambda phage can effectively transduce mammalian cells in vivo, suggesting potential as a gene delivery vector.
  • Gene transfer may occur via non-phagocytic uptake mechanisms.
  • Surface modifications enhancing phage uptake significantly improve in vivo gene transfer efficiency.
  • These findings provide insights into phage-mediated gene transfer mechanisms and suggest avenues for enhancing therapeutic applications.