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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Published on: September 30, 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): an update.

Philippe Rougier1, Emmanuel Mitry, Jean-Claude Barbare

  • 1Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Hopital Ambroise Paré, 92100 Boulogne, France. philippe.rougier@apr.ap-hop-paris.fr

Seminars in Oncology
|April 24, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lacks large trials, relying on retrospective data. Surgical options and liver transplantation are key, with chemoembolization as the only proven palliative therapy.

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An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
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Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

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A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice
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Generation of Subcutaneous and Intrahepatic Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Xenografts in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: September 25, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Medical Oncology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment decisions are often based on limited evidence, center experience, and available therapies.
  • Underlying liver function and disease severity, particularly cirrhosis, significantly impact treatment options and patient prognosis.
  • Current curative treatments include surgical resection and local destruction, while liver transplantation offers a comprehensive solution for select patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various therapeutic options, including curative, adjuvant, and palliative treatments.
  • To discuss potential future therapeutic avenues for HCC management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of retrospective studies and clinical center experience.
  • Analysis of treatment decisions based on HCC extension and liver function.
  • Evaluation of adjuvant and palliative treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Surgical resection and local destruction are common curative approaches.
  • Liver transplantation is optimal for small HCC in cirrhosis but feasible in <5% of cases.
  • Transarterial chemoembolization is the only palliative treatment with proven efficacy; others require further validation.

Conclusions:

  • HCC treatment remains challenging due to a lack of large randomized trials.
  • Treatment selection must balance tumor burden, liver function, and patient condition.
  • Future strategies may involve targeted therapies like EGFR and VEGF inhibitors.