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Variable gene expression in eukaryotes: a network perspective.

Patricia J Wittkopp¹

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. wittkopp@umich.edu

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|April 24, 2007

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Gene expression changes drive organismal differences. Understanding how gene regulatory networks are altered is key to explaining variation within and between species.

Area of Science:

Genetics
Evolutionary Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Gene expression changes are fundamental to phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary divergence.
These expression differences originate from modifications within gene regulatory networks.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the fundamental architecture of eukaryotic gene regulatory networks.
To explore how alterations in these networks generate expression differences within and between species.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on gene regulatory networks.
Analysis of case studies illustrating network alterations.

Main Results:

Eukaryotic regulatory networks possess a basic, conserved structure.

Related Experiment Videos

Specific examples demonstrate how network modifications lead to phenotypic variation.

Conclusions:

Understanding gene regulatory network dynamics is crucial for explaining phenotypic diversity.
Network evolution provides insights into the mechanisms of adaptation and speciation.