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Related Concept Videos

Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
Drug Regulation01:25

Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...
Surface Active Agents01:27

Surface Active Agents

Surfactants, named for their behavior at interfaces, positively adsorb at the interfaces of two phases, reducing interfacial tension. Their versatility as emulsifiers, detergents, and foaming agents stems from this ability. Surfactants, often termed amphiphiles, share the property of amphipathy, with molecules having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions. The hydrophilic part is called the head, and the hydrophobic part, including an elongated alkyl substituent, forms the tail.Surfactants...
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Preparation of Keratin Hydrolysate from Chicken Feathers and Its Application in Cosmetics
08:29

Preparation of Keratin Hydrolysate from Chicken Feathers and Its Application in Cosmetics

Published on: November 27, 2017

Shampoos: ingredients, efficacy and adverse effects.

Ralph M Trüeb1

  • 1Clinic for Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. ralph.trueeb@usz.ch

Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG
|April 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Shampoo formulations offer more than cleansing, combining cosmetic benefits with medicinal efficacy for tailored hair and scalp care. Advanced ingredients improve conditioning and anti-dandruff treatments, reducing irritation and contact time.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Dermatology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Shampoos are primary treatments for hair and scalp, requiring diverse properties beyond cleansing.
  • Consumer expectations include cosmetic benefits tailored to hair type, age, habits, and scalp conditions.
  • Shampoo formulation integrates cosmetic technology and medical therapy for enhanced product efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted role of shampoos in hair and scalp care.
  • To highlight the advancements in shampoo formulation technology.
  • To discuss the development and efficacy of conditioning and anti-dandruff agents in shampoos.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of shampoo composition, including surfactants, conditioning agents, and additives.
  • Review of cosmetic and medicinal ingredient technologies.
  • Examination of anti-dandruff agents and their mechanisms of action.

Main Results:

  • Shampoos contain 10-30 ingredients, with surfactant blends customized for specific hair types.
  • Significant development effort focuses on conditioning agents for luster, smoothness, and volume.
  • Modern anti-dandruff agents exhibit increased efficacy, shorter contact times, and reduced irritation.

Conclusions:

  • Shampoo formulation is a complex process balancing cosmetic appeal with therapeutic benefits.
  • Advancements in ingredients enhance both hair conditioning and scalp health, particularly in anti-dandruff applications.
  • Future shampoo development aims for greater efficacy and improved user experience through innovative formulations.