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Related Concept Videos

Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

Gene Duplication and Divergence

The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
Protein Families02:47

Protein Families

Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism.   Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members.   If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
Protein Families02:47

Protein Families

Protein families are groups of homologous proteins; that is, they have similarities in amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures. Protein families usually occur because of gene duplication, where an additional copy of a gene is inserted into the genome of an organism.   Mutations that change the amino acids but still allow the protein to be properly synthesized, will lead to new protein family members.   If these new proteins contain similar amino acids in key locations, protein...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Gene Families01:57

Gene Families

Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
Occasionally these regions can be adapted to take on new roles within the organism, becoming novel genes...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...

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Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq
07:09

A Bioinformatics Pipeline for Investigating Molecular Evolution and Gene Expression using RNA-seq

Published on: May 28, 2021

Globin gene family evolution and functional diversification in annelids.

Xavier Bailly1, Christine Chabasse, Stéphane Hourdez

  • 1Equipe Ecophysiologie: Adaptation et Evolution Moléculaires, UPMC, CNRS UMR 7144, Station Biologique, BP 74, Roscoff, France.

The FEBS Journal
|April 25, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Annelid globins, both intracellular and extracellular, share a common gene structure, suggesting a shared ancestry. Dehaloperoxidase in annelids may represent a globin with a novel enzymatic function.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Globins are crucial oxygen-binding proteins in annelids, with diverse intracellular and extracellular forms.
  • Previous studies have hinted at evolutionary relationships between different globin types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the gene structure and evolutionary history of annelid globins.
  • To determine the phylogenetic relationship of dehaloperoxidase (DHP) to annelid globins.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative gene structure analysis of intracellular and extracellular annelid globins.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of globin sequences, including DHP.
  • Gene structure characterization of Amphitrite ornata DHP.

Main Results:

  • Annelid intracellular and extracellular globins share conserved intron positions, indicating common ancestry.
  • Phylogenetic analysis reveals a distinct evolutionary path for annelid extracellular hemoglobins.
  • Amphitrite ornata DHP shows close phylogenetic ties to annelid intracellular globins and shares globin gene intron positions.

Conclusions:

  • Annelid globins evolved from a common ancestral gene through duplication events.
  • Annelid extracellular hemoglobins have a unique evolutionary trajectory.
  • Dehaloperoxidase in Amphitrite ornata may be a derived globin with specialized enzymatic activity.