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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

Review article: drug hepatotoxicity.

C Y Chang¹, T D Schiano

¹The Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. charissa.chang@mssm.edu

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

|April 25, 2007

Summary

Drug-induced liver injury is a significant concern. While some drugs like amoxicillin-clavulanic acid frequently cause liver damage, others like statins are generally safe, even in patients with liver disease.

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Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Hepatology
Toxicology

Background:

Drug toxicity is a primary cause of acute liver failure in the U.S.
Understanding drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is crucial with increasing drug approvals.

Purpose of the Study:

Update knowledge on hepatotoxicity of common drug classes.
Assess medication safety in patients with pre-existing liver disease and post-transplant.
Review toxicogenomic advances in understanding hepatotoxic drugs.

Main Methods:

Medline literature search conducted.
Keywords included: drug toxicity, hepatotoxicity, statins, thiazolidinediones, antibiotics, antiretroviral drugs, and toxicogenomics.

Main Results:

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is a frequent cause of DILI globally.
Statins show low risk of significant liver injury, even in patients with liver disease.
Newer thiazolidinediones are safer than troglitazone; antiretrovirals require monitoring, especially in co-infected patients.
Genetic factors (polymorphisms, HLA types) influence individual susceptibility to drug hepatotoxicity.

Conclusions:

Drug-induced hepatotoxicity remains a clinical and regulatory challenge as new drugs emerge.
Ongoing collaborative research is vital for advancing the understanding of drug-induced liver injury.