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Imported malaria in Australia.

R E Boreham1, W A Relf

  • 1Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bramston Terrace, Brisbane.

The Medical Journal of Australia
|December 2, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Imported malaria cases in Australia were predominantly Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, often contracted in Papua New Guinea. Few travelers used appropriate malaria prophylaxis, highlighting the need for vigilance.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical medicine
  • Infectious disease epidemiology

Background:

  • Malaria remains a significant global health concern, particularly for travelers returning from endemic regions.
  • Understanding imported malaria patterns is crucial for public health surveillance and prevention strategies in non-endemic countries like Australia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of imported malaria cases diagnosed in Australia.
  • To identify the primary malaria species, geographical origins of infection, and the efficacy of prophylactic measures among diagnosed patients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzing malaria cases diagnosed via microscopy in Southeast Queensland and Northern New South Wales from October 1987 to December 1988.
  • Data collected included patient blood films, prophylactic regimens, clinical history, and travel details.

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Main Results:

  • Plasmodium vivax (68.5%) and Plasmodium falciparum (22.6%) were the most common malaria species identified.
  • Papua New Guinea was the primary source of infection for a majority of cases (74% for P. vivax, 85% for P. falciparum).
  • A low adherence to appropriate malaria prophylaxis was observed, with only 11.6% of patients using recommended drugs.

Conclusions:

  • Malaria should be suspected in all patients with a history of travel to endemic areas, irrespective of prior malaria history or prophylaxis.
  • Continuous monitoring and updated traveler advice are essential to mitigate the risk of imported malaria.